This report, part of the 2023 AGF214 field report, investigates hydrographic patterns and water circulation in the Isfjorden Trough, Spitsbergen, using data collected in September 2023 by the research vessel Helmer Hanssen under the guidance of the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS). This study, conducted in collaboration with Amanda Skogjordet, focuses on understanding how Atlantic Water (AW) and Arctic Water (ArW) interact in this Arctic region, providing insight into broader climate dynamics in the European Arctic.
Key Findings
- Water Masses and Temperature Profiles: The Isfjorden Trough this year shows a predominance of AW, continuing a trend of increased AW presence on the West Spitsbergen Shelf over the past decade. Surface waters are fresher and colder than in previous years, with temperatures ranging from 2°C to 7°C and salinity from 31 to 35 psu.
- Cyclonic Circulation: Data revealed a cyclonic circulation in the Trough, with inflow along the southern boundary and outflow along the northern boundary. This circulation is critical in redistributing AW and ArW, affecting local hydrography and contributing to a warm Atlantic influence.
- High Volume and Heat Transport: This year, the Trough experienced exceptionally high volume and heat transport, with values of 1.03 Sv (volume) and 10.9 TW (heat). These figures are much higher than in previous years, likely linked to an unusually warm summer. Such increases in heat and water inflow indicate potential changes in local climate, impacting sea ice formation and glacier stability.
- Ekman Transport and Freshwater Influence: The study also observed Ekman transport effects, where wind-induced forces shifted fresher surface waters northward, reinforcing the stratification observed in the Trough. This process, combined with freshwater input from melting glaciers, adds to the variability of hydrographic patterns in the area.